Summer is almost here, and that means it's time to make sure your AC maintenance is ready for the hot months ahead. A properly maintained air conditioning unit not only keeps your home comfortable but also runs more efficiently, saving you money on energy bills.
According to the U.S. Department of Energy, air conditioners account for approximately 12% of household electricity use in the United States. This makes routine maintenance not just a comfort issue, but a key energy-saving strategy.
Regular AC maintenance is the single most important step homeowners can take to prevent costly breakdowns during the hottest days of the year.
We've created this comprehensive maintenance checklist to help you prepare your HVAC system for summer. From simple tasks like replacing air filters to checking your thermostat settings, these maintenance steps can be completed without much hassle.
Many homeowners can handle basic maintenance themselves, though some tasks might require professional assistance.
By following this checklist, you'll ensure your AC runs at peak performance all summer long. A well-maintained system uses less energy, lasts longer, and provides more consistent cooling throughout your home.
Plus, you'll avoid the frustration of system failures when you need cool air the most.
Here's what you need to know:
- Key AC maintenance steps before summer heat
- How to maintain your indoor and outdoor AC units
- Comprehensive home maintenance for optimal AC performance
- AC maintenance for heat pumps and ductless systems
- When to call a professional HVAC company
Good reading!
Key AC maintenance steps before summer heat
Getting your air conditioning system ready before the summer heat arrives can save you from uncomfortable days and costly repairs. Taking care of these key maintenance tasks will help ensure your system runs efficiently when you need it most.
Inspect and replace air filters
Air filters are the frontline defense for your AC system. They trap dust, pollen, and other particles that would otherwise circulate through your home. We recommend checking your air filters every month during heavy usage periods.
Replace filters if they appear dirty or clogged. A good rule of thumb is to change standard filters every 30-90 days, depending on your home environment. Homes with pets or allergies may need more frequent replacements.
Clean filters improve both energy efficiency and indoor air quality. When air flows freely through clean filters, your system doesn't have to work as hard. This reduces energy consumption by up to 15% while extending the life of your equipment.
Consider upgrading to high-efficiency filters if you have allergy sufferers at home. These trap smaller particles but may require your system to work harder, so check compatibility with your unit first.
Check AC refrigerant levels and fix leaks
Refrigerant is the lifeblood of your AC system. It absorbs heat from indoor air and releases it outside. Low refrigerant levels indicate a leak that needs immediate attention.
Signs of refrigerant issues include:
- Insufficient cooling
- Hissing sounds near the AC unit
- Ice formation on the evaporator coil
- Higher than normal electric bills
Warning: Refrigerant handling requires professional certification. If you suspect a leak, call an HVAC technician right away. Leaks not only reduce efficiency but can also harm the environment.
A professional can perform a pressure test to locate leaks and properly recharge the system. They'll ensure the refrigerant level matches your manufacturer's specifications for optimal performance.
Test and optimize your thermostat settings
Your thermostat serves as the control center for your entire cooling system. Before summer arrives, verify it's working properly by testing temperature accuracy and responsiveness.
For basic testing:
- Place a small digital thermometer near your thermostat
- Compare the readings after 15 minutes
- Differences greater than 2 degrees indicate potential issues
Consider upgrading to a programmable or smart thermostat if you have an older model. These newer options can save up to 10% annually on cooling costs by automatically adjusting temperatures based on your schedule.
Check that your thermostat has fresh batteries if it's battery-operated. This simple step prevents unexpected shutdowns during peak summer heat. Position your thermostat away from heat sources like lamps or direct sunlight for the most accurate readings.
How to maintain your indoor and outdoor AC units
Proper maintenance of both outdoor and indoor AC components ensures maximum efficiency and longevity. Regular cleaning and debris removal prevent common issues that could lead to system failures during hot summer months.
Clean condenser and evaporator coils
Dirty coils force your AC to work harder, increasing energy costs and reducing cooling power. For condenser coils (outdoor unit), turn off power at the disconnect box first. Use a soft bristle brush to remove loose debris and dirt from the coils.
For stubborn dirt, apply a commercial coil cleaner following package instructions. Let it sit for the recommended time, then rinse gently with a garden hose. Avoid high-pressure washing as it can bend the delicate fins.
For evaporator coils (indoor unit), first remove the access panel. These coils are more delicate, so use a soft brush or vacuum with brush attachment. Commercial no-rinse foaming cleaners work well here since these coils can't be rinsed with water.
Clean coils at least once a year, but dusty or high-pollen areas may require twice-yearly cleaning.
Remove debris around your outdoor AC unit
Your outdoor unit needs at least 2 feet of clear space on all sides for proper airflow. Remove leaves, grass clippings, twigs, and other yard debris regularly during summer.
Trim back bushes, plants, and tree branches that might obstruct airflow. Check for any items that could fall into the unit during storms.
Consider installing a protective cover during off-seasons, but never cover the unit while it's running. Some homeowners use gravel or pavers around the unit to minimize grass and weeds.
We recommend checking the area around your unit after storms or high winds, as debris tends to accumulate quickly. Good airflow is crucial for efficient operation and preventing system overheating.
How to unclog and clean your AC drain line
A clogged condensate drain can cause water damage and affect indoor humidity levels. Locate the drain line where it exits your home, usually a PVC pipe near the outdoor unit.
Pour 1 cup of white vinegar or bleach solution (1:16 ratio with water) through the drain line to kill algae and prevent clogs. Some units have a drain line access port on the indoor unit for this purpose.
Use a wet/dry vacuum at the outdoor drain line end to suction out stubborn clogs. Insert the hose over the end and seal with a rag for better suction.
Check the drain pan under the indoor unit for standing water or signs of rust. Clean it with soapy water and wipe dry. Consider installing algae tablets in the drain pan for ongoing prevention.
Comprehensive home maintenance for optimal AC performance
Your air conditioner doesn't work in isolation - it's part of your home's entire system. Proper home maintenance in key areas can significantly improve your AC's efficiency and performance.
Test smoke and carbon monoxide detectors
Smoke and carbon monoxide detectors are crucial safety devices that need regular testing, especially during peak AC season. We recommend testing all detectors monthly by pressing the test button until you hear the alarm sound.
Replace batteries in all detectors at least once a year, even if they seem to be working fine. Most detectors have a lifespan of 7-10 years, so check the manufacture date on yours.
Consider upgrading to interconnected detectors that communicate with each other. When one alarm detects smoke or carbon monoxide, all alarms will sound, providing better whole-house protection.
Place detectors strategically:
- One on each level of your home
- Inside each bedroom
- Outside sleeping areas
- At least 10 feet from cooking appliances
Inspect gutters to prevent water damage and cooling strain
Clean gutters play a surprising role in your home's cooling efficiency. Clogged gutters can lead to water damage and increased humidity, making your AC work harder.
We recommend cleaning gutters at least twice a year - in spring and fall. Remove all debris, flush with water, and check for proper drainage. Look for sagging sections that might need repair.
Ice dams in winter can damage your roof and affect insulation, which impacts summer cooling. Install heat cables before winter to prevent ice buildup, and ensure proper attic insulation and ventilation year-round.
Key prevention steps:
- Trim overhanging branches
- Install gutter guards
- Check for loose or damaged sections
- Ensure downspouts direct water at least 3 feet from your foundation
How to find and seal air leaks in your home
Air leaks force your AC to work harder and waste energy. Common draft areas include windows, doors, electrical outlets, and where different building materials meet.
To find drafts, conduct a simple test on a windy day: hold a lit incense stick near potential leak areas and watch for smoke movement. Alternatively, shine a flashlight at night while someone checks for light from outside.
Seal identified leaks with the appropriate materials:
- Windows/doors: Weatherstripping, caulk, door sweeps
- Electrical outlets: Foam gaskets behind cover plates
- Attic/basement: Expanding foam for larger gaps
Don't forget about the attic hatch and recessed lighting fixtures, which are often overlooked sources of significant air leakage that affect your AC's performance.
AC maintenance for heat pumps and ductless systems
While central air systems are the most common, many homes rely on ductless mini-splits or heat pumps, which have unique maintenance needs. Seasonal upkeep for these systems helps maintain efficiency, performance, and longevity, especially during peak summer use.
- Understand the system differences
Unlike central air conditioners, ductless systems have individual indoor air handlers, and heat pumps provide both heating and cooling via a reversing valve. These designs require checking more points of operation, and skipping maintenance can lead to performance drops or system strain.
- Clean each indoor unit’s filter
Every indoor head in a ductless system has its own air filter, which should be cleaned or replaced monthly—especially in high-use areas or homes with pets. Dirty filters restrict airflow and reduce cooling output. Use a vacuum with a brush attachment or rinse reusable filters gently in lukewarm water.
- Inspect outdoor unit and coils
Like central AC, heat pumps and ductless systems depend on clear airflow around the outdoor condenser. Remove leaves, branches, or obstructions within a 2-foot radius. Inspect the outdoor coils for dirt buildup, and clean with coil cleaner or low-pressure water as needed.
- Check for proper refrigerant levels
Low refrigerant impacts both heating and cooling cycles in heat pumps and ductless units. Signs include poor cooling, ice on the coils, or strange hissing noises. Only licensed HVAC technicians should check pressures and recharge the system if needed.
- Ensure the reversing valve works correctly
In heat pumps, the reversing valve allows the system to switch from cooling to heating. A stuck or faulty valve will prevent seasonal transitions. If your system fails to switch modes, schedule a service visit—this component requires professional diagnostics.
Proper maintenance tailored to these system types ensures efficient operation year-round. TCM Heating & Cooling provides specialized tune-ups for both ductless systems and heat pumps, helping you get the most from your investment.
When to call a professional HVAC company
While regular DIY maintenance helps keep your AC running smoothly, some situations require professional expertise. Knowing when to call in the pros can save you time, money, and prevent small issues from becoming major problems.
Warning signs your AC needs professional repair
Strange noises from your air conditioning unit are clear warning signs that something isn't right. If you hear grinding, squealing, or banging sounds, it's time to call a professional HVAC company immediately. These noises often indicate mechanical problems that could lead to system failure if ignored.
Other operational issues that warrant professional attention include:
- Uneven cooling throughout your home
- Unusual odors coming from vents
- Water leaking around your indoor unit
- Higher than normal energy bills
- Frequent cycling on and off
When your air quality noticeably decreases or your home isn't cooling properly despite a functioning system, professionals have specialized tools to diagnose problems that aren't visible to homeowners.
Schedule routine maintenance visits
We recommend scheduling professional AC maintenance once a year, ideally in spring before the summer heat arrives. Regular professional service helps:
- Identify potential issues before they become expensive repairs
- Maintain manufacturer warranties (many require professional maintenance)
- Extend the lifespan of your system by 5-10 years
- Improve energy efficiency by up to 15%
During these visits, technicians will perform tasks beyond typical homeowner maintenance, including checking refrigerant levels, testing electrical components, and calibrating your thermostat.
For homes with older systems (10+ years), consider scheduling bi-annual professional check-ups. This additional attention helps aging systems run more efficiently and can postpone costly replacements.
Conclusion
Seasonal AC maintenance isn’t just about comfort, it’s a preventive strategy that protects your system, improves energy efficiency, and reduces long-term repair costs. Tasks like checking refrigerant levels, cleaning coils, and inspecting your condensate drain directly impact performance and indoor air quality.
Equally important, whole-home measures like sealing air leaks and maintaining clear gutters support your AC system by minimizing thermal load.
Neglecting routine maintenance can lead to premature component failure, higher electricity bills, and even safety risks from leaks or overheating units.
Whether you perform basic tasks yourself or rely on a certified HVAC technician, following a structured AC maintenance plan ensures that your cooling system is ready to handle the demands of peak summer weather.
If your system includes ductless mini-splits or heat pumps, TCM Heating & Cooling can tailor a maintenance approach to fit your equipment. Contact us today to schedule a comprehensive seasonal tune-up before the next heatwave hits.
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